Module java.base
Package java.time.chrono

Class JapaneseEra

java.lang.Object
java.time.chrono.JapaneseEra
All Implemented Interfaces:
Serializable, Era, TemporalAccessor, TemporalAdjuster
public final class JapaneseEra extends Object implements Era, Serializable
An era in the Japanese Imperial calendar system.

The Japanese government defines the official name and start date of each era. Eras are consecutive and their date ranges do not overlap, so the end date of one era is always the day before the start date of the next era.

The Java SE Platform supports all eras defined by the Japanese government, beginning with the Meiji era. Each era is identified in the Platform by an integer value and a name. The of(int) and valueOf(String) methods may be used to obtain a singleton instance of JapaneseEra for each era. The values() method returns the singleton instances of all supported eras.

For convenience, this class declares a number of public static final fields that refer to singleton instances returned by the values() method.

API Note:
The fields declared in this class may evolve over time, in line with the results of the values() method. However, there is not necessarily a 1:1 correspondence between the fields and the singleton instances., The Japanese government may announce a new era and define its start date but not its official name. In this scenario, the singleton instance that represents the new era may return a name that is not stable until the official name is defined. Developers should exercise caution when relying on the name returned by any singleton instance that does not correspond to a public static final field.
Implementation Requirements:
This class is immutable and thread-safe.
Since:
1.8
See Also:

  • Field Details

    • MEIJI

      public static final JapaneseEra MEIJI
      The singleton instance for the 'Meiji' era (1868-01-01 - 1912-07-29) which has the value -1.

    • TAISHO

      public static final JapaneseEra TAISHO
      The singleton instance for the 'Taisho' era (1912-07-30 - 1926-12-24) which has the value 0.

    • SHOWA

      public static final JapaneseEra SHOWA
      The singleton instance for the 'Showa' era (1926-12-25 - 1989-01-07) which has the value 1.

    • HEISEI

      public static final JapaneseEra HEISEI
      The singleton instance for the 'Heisei' era (1989-01-08 - 2019-04-30) which has the value 2.

    • REIWA

      public static final JapaneseEra REIWA
      The singleton instance for the 'Reiwa' era (2019-05-01 - ) which has the value 3. The end date of this era is not specified, unless the Japanese Government defines it.
      Since:
      13

  • Method Details

    • of

      public static JapaneseEra of(int japaneseEra)
      Obtains an instance of JapaneseEra from an int value.
      • The value 1 is associated with the 'Showa' era, because it contains 1970-01-01 (ISO calendar system).
      • The values -1 and 0 are associated with two earlier eras, Meiji and Taisho, respectively.
      • A value greater than 1 is associated with a later era, beginning with Heisei (2).

      Every instance of JapaneseEra that is returned from the values() method has an int value (available via Era.getValue() which is accepted by this method.

      Parameters:
      japaneseEra - the era to represent
      Returns:
      the JapaneseEra singleton, not null
      Throws:
      DateTimeException - if the value is invalid

    • valueOf

      public static JapaneseEra valueOf(String japaneseEra)
      Returns the JapaneseEra with the name.

      The string must match exactly the name of the era. (Extraneous whitespace characters are not permitted.)

      Valid era names are the names of eras returned from values().

      Parameters:
      japaneseEra - the japaneseEra name; non-null
      Returns:
      the JapaneseEra singleton, never null
      Throws:
      IllegalArgumentException - if there is not JapaneseEra with the specified name

    • values

      public static JapaneseEra[] values()
      Returns an array of JapaneseEras. The array may contain eras defined by the Japanese government beyond the known era singletons.

      This method may be used to iterate over the JapaneseEras as follows: 

       for (JapaneseEra c : JapaneseEra.values())
     System.out.println(c);
      Returns:
      an array of JapaneseEras

    • getDisplayName

      public String getDisplayName(TextStyle style, Locale locale)
      Gets the textual representation of this era.

      This returns the textual name used to identify the era, suitable for presentation to the user. The parameters control the style of the returned text and the locale.

      If no textual mapping is found then the numeric value is returned.

      Specified by:
      getDisplayName in interface Era
      Parameters:
      style - the style of the text required, not null
      locale - the locale to use, not null
      Returns:
      the text value of the era, not null

    • getValue

      public int getValue()
      Gets the numeric era int value.

      The SHOWA era that contains 1970-01-01 (ISO calendar system) has the value 1. Later eras are numbered from 2 (HEISEI). Earlier eras are numbered 0 (TAISHO), -1 (MEIJI)).

      Specified by:
      getValue in interface Era
      Returns:
      the era value

    • range

      public ValueRange range(TemporalField field)
      Gets the range of valid values for the specified field.

      The range object expresses the minimum and maximum valid values for a field. This era is used to enhance the accuracy of the returned range. If it is not possible to return the range, because the field is not supported or for some other reason, an exception is thrown.

      If the field is a ChronoField then the query is implemented here. The ERA field returns the range. All other ChronoField instances will throw an UnsupportedTemporalTypeException.

      If the field is not a ChronoField, then the result of this method is obtained by invoking TemporalField.rangeRefinedBy(TemporalAccessor) passing this as the argument. Whether the range can be obtained is determined by the field.

      The range of valid Japanese eras can change over time due to the nature of the Japanese calendar system.

      Specified by:
      range in interface Era
      Specified by:
      range in interface TemporalAccessor
      Parameters:
      field - the field to query the range for, not null
      Returns:
      the range of valid values for the field, not null
      Throws:
      DateTimeException - if the range for the field cannot be obtained
      UnsupportedTemporalTypeException - if the unit is not supported